{"id":5083,"date":"2025-10-23T09:55:50","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:55:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.metsabiotalous.fi\/?page_id=5083"},"modified":"2025-10-28T08:20:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T08:20:19","slug":"monitavoitteinen-metsankasvatus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.metsabiotalous.fi\/en\/punkaharjun-tutkimuspuisto\/metsanhoidon-mahdollisuudet\/monitavoitteinen-metsankasvatus\/","title":{"rendered":"Multi-objective silviculture"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Finland's diverse and abundant forest resources form the foundation for their sustainable\nutilization. As the operating environment for the forest sector changes, the objectives for forest\nmanagement are becoming more varied, and the available options are increasing. Forests are\nexpected to produce more wood for industrial raw materials, sequester and store carbon, provide\nhabitats for diverse species, and offer recreational opportunities for people. To meet these goals,\nforest growth must be enhanced.<\/p>

Beyond timber production, most forest owners have other objectives for managing their forests.\nAccording to the \"Forest Owner 2020\" study, forest owners can be categorized into five groups\nbased on their goals: multiobjective\n(38%), economy and\nsecurity-focused (24%), hands-on\nforesters (18%), recreation users\n(13%), and uncertain (7%). Often,\nnon-economic values influence\nstand harvesting and management\nactivities. These can relate to, for\nexample, nature values, game\nmanagement, landscape, or\nemotional values.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Figure 1.<\/strong> Forests face multiple demands. Forests serve as habitats, carbon sinks, and providers\nof numerous ecosystem services. Growing, adaptable, and damage-resistant forests make all of\nthis possible. The growth and adaptability of forests can be enhanced through measures such as\nspecies diversity, good forest management practices, and forest breeding.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Continuous cover forestry<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Continuous cover forestry (CCF) is a forest management approach that avoids clear-cutting, relying instead\non natural regeneration and the utilization of existing undergrowth (Figure 2). CCF methods include selection\ncutting, small-gap cutting, and shelterwood cutting. In selection cutting, the largest trees are removed, creating\nspace for new seedlings and undergrowth to develop. Small-gap cutting involves creating small openings in the\nforest that regenerate from the surrounding trees. Shelterwood cutting aims to transform even-aged stands into\nuneven-aged structures, promoting the establishment of new seedlings and undergrowth.<\/p>

A significant portion of the trees left to grow in CCF have developed under the shade of larger trees. These\nshade-grown trees need years to strengthen their root systems and develop their crowns before they can\nfully utilize the growth space freed up by harvesting. In the long term, successful natural regeneration is one\nof the key prerequisites for the sustainability of CCF. The shading, large trees must be kept sparse to ensure\nregeneration and undergrowth development. Among native tree species, only spruce tolerates heavy shading,\nwhich poses a risk of spruce dominance in the stand. Light-demanding pine requires either a seed-tree stand or\nsmall gaps for regeneration.<\/p>

In spruce stands managed with selection cutting, both tree volume and growth are, on average, lower than in\neven-aged, thinned spruce stands. The basal area growth in selection-cut spruce stands is approximately 20%\nlower than in even-aged spruce stands during the thinning phase. The greater the intensity of the harvest, the\nlarger the difference in tree growth response between CCF and periodic forestry.<\/p>

However, empirical data based on long-term measurements regarding the effects of CCF on forest growth and\nyield is scarce. Experimental studies on the effects of shelterwood and small-gap cutting have only begun in\nrecent years.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Figure 2.<\/strong> Factors affecting tree growth in spruce stands under different management regimes. This figure illustrates the factors influencing tree growth in\ncontinuously covered and periodically managed spruce stands at various stages of stand development. The +\/- symbols compare the effects between the two\ncultivation methods.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Suomen monipuoliset ja runsaat mets\u00e4varat ovat perusta metsien kest\u00e4v\u00e4lle hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4miselle. Mets\u00e4alan toimintaymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 tapahtuvien muutosten my\u00f6t\u00e4 mets\u00e4nhoidon tavoitteet monipuolistuvat ja vaihtoehdot<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5005,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMonitavoitteinen mets\u00e4nkasvatus | Metsabiotalous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.metsabiotalous.fi\/en\/punkaharjun-tutkimuspuisto\/metsanhoidon-mahdollisuudet\/monitavoitteinen-metsankasvatus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Monitavoitteinen mets\u00e4nkasvatus | Metsabiotalous\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Suomen monipuoliset ja runsaat mets\u00e4varat ovat perusta metsien kest\u00e4v\u00e4lle hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4miselle. 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